Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgeon Bangalore

Rotator Cuff Tears

The rotator cuff consists of tendons and muscles that help lift, rotate and stabilise the shoulder.

A rotator cuff tear may occur because of:

• Age-related tendon degeneration
• Repeated overhead activity
• A fall on the shoulder
• Sudden lifting
• Sports injuries
• Long-standing shoulder impingement

Patients may experience night pain, weakness, pain while lifting the arm and difficulty sleeping on the affected side.

Not every rotator cuff tear requires surgery. Partial or degenerative tears may initially be treated with activity modification, medication and physiotherapy.

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair may be considered when a significant tear causes persistent pain, weakness or loss of function despite appropriate treatment. During the procedure, the torn tendon is reattached to the bone using sutures and specialised anchors.

Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation

A shoulder dislocation occurs when the ball of the upper-arm bone moves out of its socket.

The first dislocation can damage the labrum, ligaments or bone surrounding the shoulder. Some patients subsequently experience repeated dislocations or a persistent feeling of instability.

Shoulder stabilisation surgery may be considered when:

• The shoulder dislocates repeatedly
• Instability occurs during routine activities
• The patient participates in contact or overhead sports
• Physiotherapy does not restore sufficient stability
• Imaging shows a Bankart lesion
• Shoulder instability affects work or daily activities

Patients with limited bone loss may be suitable for arthroscopic Bankart repair. Patients with substantial bone loss or complex instability may require a different procedure, such as Latarjet surgery. Arthroscopic Bankart repair generally involves reattaching the damaged anterior labrum and capsule to the shoulder socket using anchors.

Bankart Lesion

A Bankart lesion is an injury to the lower portion of the shoulder labrum. It commonly develops during an anterior shoulder dislocation.

The damaged labrum and ligaments may no longer hold the shoulder securely within its socket.

During arthroscopic Bankart repair, the surgeon may:

• Examine the damaged labrum and capsule.
• Prepare the edge of the shoulder socket.
• Insert suture anchors into the bone.
• Reattach the labrum.
• Tighten stretched capsular tissue where necessary.
• Examine the stability of the repaired shoulder.

The treatment decision depends on the patient's age, number of dislocations, sporting activity, ligament laxity, bone loss and previous treatment.

SLAP Tear

A SLAP tear affects the upper part of the shoulder labrum near the attachment of the biceps tendon.

It may result from repetitive throwing, weightlifting, a fall on an outstretched arm or age-related tissue changes.

Possible symptoms include:

• Deep shoulder pain
• Clicking or catching
• Pain during overhead activity
• Reduced throwing performance
• Discomfort while lifting
• A sensation of weakness or instability

Not every SLAP tear requires repair. Treatment depends on the patient's age, symptoms, activity level and the pattern of the tear.

Surgical treatment may include removing unstable tissue, repairing the labrum or treating the biceps tendon.

Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement occurs when the rotator cuff tendons or the surrounding bursa become irritated during arm movement.

Patients may experience pain while raising the arm, night pain, discomfort during overhead work and reduced shoulder strength.

Initial treatment commonly includes physiotherapy, posture correction, activity modification and medication. Arthroscopic treatment may be considered only when symptoms continue despite an appropriate course of non-surgical care.

Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, causes pain and progressive restriction of shoulder movement.

Most patients are first treated with:

• Pain management
• Physiotherapy
• Home exercises
• Injections when appropriate
• Management of diabetes or other contributing conditions

Arthroscopic capsular release may be considered when severe stiffness continues despite adequate conservative treatment.

Biceps Tendon Problems

The long head of the biceps tendon may become inflamed, unstable or damaged.

Depending on the patient's symptoms and associated shoulder conditions, treatment may include medication, physiotherapy, injections, biceps tenotomy or biceps tenodesis.

Medical History

The consultation may include questions about:

• How the symptoms began
• Whether an injury occurred
• Duration and location of pain
• Previous shoulder dislocations
• Night pain
• Weakness
• Previous physiotherapy or injections
• Sports participation
• Occupational requirements
• Diabetes or other medical conditions

Physical Examination

The surgeon may evaluate:

• Active and passive shoulder movement
• Rotator cuff strength
• Shoulder stability
• Tenderness
• Scapular movement
• Biceps and labral symptoms
• Neck movement
• Nerve function
• Signs of impingement

X-rays

X-rays may identify fractures, arthritis, bone spurs, calcium deposits, joint alignment and bone loss following shoulder dislocation.

MRI

MRI may be advised to assess rotator cuff tears, labral injuries, muscle condition, biceps tendon problems, cartilage damage and inflammation.

CT Scan

A CT scan may be required when detailed evaluation of fractures, bone loss or recurrent shoulder instability is necessary.

Possible Benefits

• Small surgical incisions
• Direct visualisation of structures inside the shoulder
• Ability to diagnose and treat during the same procedure
• Less disruption of surrounding tissue in selected operations
• Short hospital stay for many patients
• Structured postoperative rehabilitation

Results Depend On

• Type and severity of injury
• Tissue quality
• Patient age
• Smoking
• Diabetes control
• Previous surgery
• Rehabilitation
• Compliance with postoperative restrictions